Full Chassis Rankings

Manufacturer Races Started Total Starts Wins 2nds 3rds 4ths 5ths Best Finish Poles
Dallara 665 4885 332 330 333 329 319   322
Lola 526 4715 193 204 178 174 177   185
Reynard 201 2561 99 96 101 112 116   105
Unknown 219 1546 95 91 77 76 89   46
Penske 292 1115 91 78 77 61 68   107
Miller 189 1200 89 94 88 86 82   71
March 143 1744 61 57 63 78 65   53
Duesenberg 245 829 60 64 79 71 63   21
Kuzma 221 648 57 62 39 36 22   33
Kurtis 247 1266 54 50 55 60 59   54
Eagle 334 1581 49 57 68 67 67   55
Watson 354 806 45 37 51 40 48   42
Chevrolet 53 526 34 29 30 33 28   40
Meskowski 114 324 30 19 18 19 18   15
McLaren 155 578 28 34 26 23 25   24
G-Force 98 812 28 29 29 36 41   27
Coyote 155 215 25 10 14 14 5   26
Stutz 88 175 24 27 15 20 12   0
Brawner 82 90 24 16 5 4 1   28
Peugeot 72 129 24 14 11 5 6   2
Frontenac 91 197 23 18 15 21 13   5
Stevens 101 241 19 15 8 14 9   16
Parnelli 102 181 19 11 9 11 9   21
Panoz 38 425 18 19 18 24 19   20
Honda 49 593 15 17 20 16 22   9
Lesovsky 195 319 13 13 17 20 12   19
National 52 92 13 9 12 11 7   0
Wetteroth 79 147 13 7 10 10 7   7
Wildcat 124 311 12 23 27 14 16   6
Mercer 85 161 12 14 15 15 13   1
Fiat 49 68 12 9 5 8 2   0
Colt 27 46 12 4 5 1 1   7
Maxwell 39 78 10 9 6 5 4   0
Gerhardt 112 540 9 8 15 15 19   6
Chaparral 57 57 9 6 4 5 6   7
Buick 42 76 9 5 3 8 4   0
Lotus 72 123 9 4 3 6 3   19
Mercedes 55 67 9 3 5 10 5   4
Packard 19 21 8 2 2 0 0   2
King 117 178 8 2 1 6 6   11
Marmon 45 71 7 8 11 6 6   0
Peerless 11 12 7 1 3 0 1   0
Adams 51 81 5 5 9 4 2   6
Brabham 68 79 5 2 7 2 3   1
Horn 19 19 5 3 5 1 1   1
Swift 73 182 4 11 9 6 6   3
Russo/Nichels 83 83 4 5 3 4 7   2
Benz 16 25 4 4 1 1 0   1
Chalmers-Detroit 13 22 4 3 4 2 0   0
Pope-Hartford 23 31 4 3 4 1 4   0
Ewing 84 89 4 2 7 5 7   3
Marchese 39 39 4 2 5 10 1   2
Trevis 55 79 4 2 5 4 1   3
Mason 8 12 4 2 2 2 0   0
Ballot 15 21 4 1 1 2 1   3
Simplex 16 21 4 1 0 1 3   0
Summers 14 14 4 0 1 0 1   3
Mongoose 61 98 3 6 4 6 9   3
Deidt 7 17 3 3 1 0 0   0
Lozier 16 21 3 1 2 1 2   0
Cole 10 13 3 1 1 2 0   0
Maserati 20 41 3 0 2 2 0   2
Hudson 73 123 2 10 13 9 18   1
Halibrand 53 92 2 4 3 3 5   0
Shaw 24 28 2 4 2 1 0   0
Galmer 19 34 2 2 4 3 4   1
Delage 34 47 2 2 4 2 4   1
Alco 15 18 2 1 1 3 3   0
Smith 10 10 2 0 0 0 0   1
Salih 3 3 2 0 0 0 0   0
Moore 32 32 1 4 4 2 3   2
Epperly 50 90 1 4 2 5 5   3
Kurtis/Wetteroth 41 41 1 4 0 1 0   3
Falcar 11 17 1 3 2 0 1   0
Premier 12 19 1 3 1 1 1   0
Laycock 21 27 1 2 3 2 0   1
Dunlop 35 35 1 2 3 1 2   2
Phoenix 20 30 1 2 2 3 0   1
Weil 19 26 1 2 0 1 1   0
American 8 10 1 2 0 0 0   0
Apperson 18 21 1 1 1 0 2   0
Riley & Scott 26 37 1 1 1 0 0   0
Jackson 9 14 1 1 1 0 0   0
White 12 13 1 1 0 1 1   0
Meyer 40 40 1 1 0 3 1   3
McNamara 17 18 1 1 0 2 1   2
Alfa Romeo 16 27 1 0 3 1 2   1
Pan-Am 8 8 1 0 2 0 2   0
Cheetah 28 35 1 0 1 0 0   0
Auto Union 1 2 1 0 0 1 0   0
Blough 23 23 1 0 0 0 2   1
Sharp Arrow 2 2 1 0 0 0 1   0
Colburn 1 2 1 0 0 0 1   0
Cadillac 4 5 1 0 0 0 0   0
Hillegass 17 17 1 0 0 0 0   0
Gambler 3 3 1 0 0 0 0   0
Palmer Singer 2 2 1 0 0 0 0   0
White 1 1 1 0 0 0 0   0
Phillips 62 64 0 6 4 1 3   7
Blum 46 50 0 4 4 2 3   1
Lightning 68 180 0 4 2 4 3   2
Ward 25 42 0 4 1 3 0   0
Scorpion 23 26 0 4 1 0 2   0
Vollstedt 208 281 0 3 5 5 10   0
Knox 16 20 0 3 2 0 0   0
Stoddard-Dayton 12 18 0 3 1 0 5   0
Pankratz 47 48 0 3 1 0 4   1
Studebaker 25 33 0 3 0 4 2   0
Longhorn 37 43 0 2 3 2 4   2
Ford 27 37 0 2 1 3 3   0
Reo 6 6 0 2 1 0 1   0
Snowberger 42 48 0 2 0 1 4   1
Isotta 10 12 0 2 0 1 2   0
Lencki 19 22 0 2 0 0 0   0
Rigling 17 51 0 1 4 1 3   0
Sunbeam 18 32 0 1 3 3 2   0
Case 14 28 0 1 3 1 4   0
Huffaker 55 70 0 1 2 4 3   0
Locomobile 7 9 0 1 2 2 1   0
Hayhoe 10 13 0 1 2 1 2   0
Cooper 26 38 0 1 2 1 0   1
Cino 8 13 0 1 2 0 1   0
EMF 3 3 0 1 2 0 0   0
Philipp 48 51 0 1 1 8 4   8
Ohio 4 8 0 1 1 3 0   0
Shilala 31 31 0 1 1 2 0   0
Flanders 2 3 0 1 1 1 0   0
Flynn 38 38 0 1 1 0 3   0
Hill 16 16 0 1 1 0 2   1
Marion 9 11 0 1 1 0 1   0
Westcott 6 6 0 1 1 0 1   0
Moon 5 5 0 1 1 0 0   0
King 11 12 0 1 1 0 0   0
Pope-Toledo 2 2 0 1 1 0 0   0
Rainier 1 2 0 1 1 0 0   0
Nyberg 5 5 0 1 0 3 0   0
Keeton 8 8 0 1 0 1 1   0
Bugatti 15 21 0 1 0 1 0   0
Chadwick 3 4 0 1 0 1 0   0
Abbott-Detroit 3 7 0 1 0 0 1   0
S. P. O. 2 2 0 1 0 0 1   0
Rahal-Hogan 8 8 0 1 0 0 0   0
Shores 3 4 0 1 0 0 0   0
Thomas 3 4 0 1 0 0 0   0
Marks 3 3 0 1 0 0 0   0
Ralph Miller 1 1 0 1 0 0 0   0
Winton 1 1 0 1 0 0 0   0
Silnes 107 139 0 0 5 10 6   1
Turner 69 69 0 0 4 2 3   4
Bromme 59 70 0 0 4 1 5   1
Fengler 26 33 0 0 2 1 2   0
Willys-Knight 6 11 0 0 1 2 1   1
Crawford 13 25 0 0 1 1 2   0
Finley 49 50 0 0 1 1 1   0
Overland 5 5 0 0 1 1 1   0
Stearns 2 3 0 0 1 1 1   0
Velie 3 4 0 0 1 1 0   0
Dreyer 2 2 0 0 1 1 0   0
McFarlan 4 6 0 0 1 0 2   0
Pawl 22 22 0 0 1 0 1   1
Columbia 6 6 0 0 1 0 1   0
Interstate 6 6 0 0 1 0 1   0
Speedwell 3 3 0 0 1 0 1   0
Firestone-Columbus 7 7 0 0 1 0 0   0
Morris 18 18 0 0 1 0 0   0
McElreath 9 9 0 0 1 0 0   0
Orbiter 6 6 0 0 1 0 0   0
Colby 3 5 0 0 1 0 0   0
Auburn 3 4 0 0 1 0 0   0
Decauville 1 1 0 0 1 0 0   0
Herreshoff 1 1 0 0 1 0 0   0
Mlamud 1 1 0 0 1 0 0   0
Stanley 1 1 0 0 1 0 0   0
TrueSports 33 44 0 0 0 3 4   0
Moore 22 22 0 0 0 3 3   0
Shrike 29 29 0 0 0 3 1   0
Silnes/Sherman 34 34 0 0 0 2 1   0
Amplex 4 5 0 0 0 2 0   0
Templeton 18 18 0 0 0 1 4   0
DuChesneau 8 8 0 0 0 1 3   0
Riley 18 18 0 0 0 1 2   0
Midland 5 5 0 0 0 1 1   0
Dunlop/Trevis 4 4 0 0 0 1 1   0
Nance 3 3 0 0 0 1 1   0
Atlas 2 2 0 0 0 1 1   0
Regal 3 3 0 0 0 1 0   0
Cecil 30 30 0 0 0 1 0   0
Whippet 8 11 0 0 0 1 0   0
Great Western 7 8 0 0 0 1 0   0
Theodore 5 6 0 0 0 1 0   0
Detroit 4 4 0 0 0 1 0   0
Ono 4 4 0 0 0 1 0   0
Emden 3 3 0 0 0 1 0   0
Keene 3 3 0 0 0 1 0   0
Oldsmobile 3 3 0 0 0 1 0   0
Warren-Detroit 2 2 0 0 0 1 0   0
Blauvelt 1 1 0 0 0 1 0   0
Lancia 1 1 0 0 0 1 0   0
Rayfield 1 1 0 0 0 1 0   0
Schacht 8 8 0 0 0 0 4   0
Scopa 21 21 0 0 0 0 3   1
Hopkins 9 9 0 0 0 0 2   0
Corbin 5 5 0 0 0 0 2   0
Curtis 28 28 0 0 0 0 1   0
Schroeder 15 18 0 0 0 0 1   0
Elder 14 14 0 0 0 0 1   0
Christiansen 5 5 0 0 0 0 1   0
Kissel 5 5 0 0 0 0 1   0
Burman 4 5 0 0 0 0 1   0
Edmunds 4 4 0 0 0 0 1   0
Adams 3 3 0 0 0 0 1   0
King/Capels 3 3 0 0 0 0 1   0
Renault 3 3 0 0 0 0 1   0
Sugai Fox 3 3 0 0 0 0 1   0
Mitchell 2 3 0 0 0 0 1   0
Bender 2 2 0 0 0 0 1   0
Durocar 2 2 0 0 0 0 1   0
ERA 1 3 0 0 0 0 1   0
Klinekar 1 2 0 0 0 0 1   0
Ulesky 1 1 0 0 0 0 1   0
Eisert 56 64 0 0 0 0 0 6 0
Atlanta 18 20 0 0 0 0 0 6 0
Graham 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 6 0
Kingfish 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 6 0
Toft 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 6 0
Black Crow 5 7 0 0 0 0 0 6 0
Blume 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 6 0
Matheson 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 6 0
Stanton 3 7 0 0 0 0 0 6 0
Franklin 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 6 0
DSR-1 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 6 0
Schkee 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 6 0
Allen-Kingston 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 6 0
RiChard 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 6 0
Sunset 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 6 0
Autocar 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0
Excelsior 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0
Granatelli 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0
Hupmobile 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0
Kinnear 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0
Knight 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0
Murray/Heintzleman 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0
Pennsylvania 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0
Stafford 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0
Olson 9 10 0 0 0 0 0 7 2
Rascar 30 35 0 0 0 0 0 7 0
BRP 13 14 0 0 0 0 0 7 0
Cicada 12 12 0 0 0 0 0 7 0
Manta 8 8 0 0 0 0 0 7 0
Mulford 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 7 0
Alfa Romeo/Weil 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 7 0
Cornelian 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 7 0
Fox 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 7 0
Coleman 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 7 0
Lexington 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 7 0
Muller 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 7 0
Nowiak 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 7 0
Macomber 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 7 0
Staver-Chicago 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 7 0
Osborne 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 0
Primus 17 17 0 0 0 0 0 8 0
Dunn 16 16 0 0 0 0 0 8 0
Porter 12 12 0 0 0 0 0 8 0
Chenoweth 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 8 0
Cutting 5 7 0 0 0 0 0 8 0
Marathon 5 7 0 0 0 0 0 8 0
Glen Bryant 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 8 0
Wolverine 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 8 0
Beck 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 8 0
Higman 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 8 0
Salay 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 8 0
G. J. G. 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 8 0
Brooks 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 0
Elmore 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 0
Kenyon 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 0
Karl 13 13 0 0 0 0 0 9 0
Del Roy 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 9 0
Thompson 5 7 0 0 0 0 0 9 0
Horton 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 9 0
Stoye 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 9 0
Arciero 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 0
Comet 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 0
Cooper 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 0
Dorris 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 0
Finley/Eagle 7 7 0 0 0 0 0 10 0
Gdula 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 10 0
Ostewig 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 10 0
Antares 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 10 0
Chalmers 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 10 0
Langley 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 10 0
Tulsa 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 10 0
Leffler 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 10 0
Mais 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 10 0
Oakland 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 10 0
Pugh 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 10 0
Romano 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 10 0
Welch 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 10 0
Barnett 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 10 0
Stricker 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 10 0
Christain 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 11 0
Robinson 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 11 0
Bea 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 11 0
Dodge 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 11 0
Haynes 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 11 0
Henderson 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 11 0
DC-1 8 8 0 0 0 0 0 12 0
Watts 8 8 0 0 0 0 0 12 0
Ambler 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 12 0
Chinook 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 12 0
Rae 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 12 0
Fiore 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 12 0
Kurtis/Warke 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 12 0
Selden 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 12 0
Stevens-Duryea 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 12 0
Viglioni 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 12 0
Fray 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 13 0
Bentley 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 13 0
Burnett 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 13 0
Cannon 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 13 0
Rambler 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 13 0
Talon 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 13 0
Argo 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 14 0
Chrysler 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 14 0
Sutton 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 14 0
Edwards 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 14 0
Ogren 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 14 0
Hurtubise 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 14 0
Mikan-Cars 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 14 0
Eldridge 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 14 0
McKee 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 14 0
VDS 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 15 0
Navarro 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 15 0
Spyder 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 15 0
Brett 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 15 0
Acme 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 15 0
McLaren/Karl 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 15 0
Seymour 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 15 0
Surtees 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 15 0
Bardazon 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 16 0
Rattlesnake 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 16 0
Olsen 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 16 0
Rassey 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 16 0
Spirit 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 17 0
Gilbert 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 17 0
Ferrari 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 17 0
Clemons 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 18 0
Taylor 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 18 0
Houpt-Rockwell 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 18 0
Raceweld 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 18 0
Ferguson 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 19 0
Walther 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 19 0
Gandy 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 19 0
Welch 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 19 0
Hercules 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 20 0
Schmidt 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 20 0
J & J 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 20 0
Allard 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 21 0
Anderson 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 21 0
Bill King 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 21 0
Kramer 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 21 0
Peterson 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 21 0
IAM 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 22 0
Gregoire 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 22 0
Interscope 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 22 0
Mallard 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 23 0
Philipp/Porter 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 23 0
Alta 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 23 0
Armstrong 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 23 0
Cedoz 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 23 0
Kimmel 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 23 0
SEA 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 23 0
Stapp 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 23 0
Troutman 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 23 0
Weisman 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 23 0
Carillo 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 24 0
Milton 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 24 0
Opel 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 24 0
Porsche 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 24 0
Lloyd 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 25 0
Webster 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 25 0
Rae 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 26 0
Schumacher-Cusick 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 26 0
Tipke 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 26 0
Green 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 27 0
duPont 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 28 0
Ligier 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 28 0
Amilcar 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 29 0
Royal 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 29 0
McCoy 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 30 0
Hudson-Brett 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 32 0
Fageol 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 33 0
Thorne 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 33 0
Sparks 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 34 0
Morton & Brett 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 36 0
Cunningham 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 X 1
Johnston 0 starts   10 races   10 attempts      
Talbot-Lago 0 starts   5 races   6 attempts      
McGee-Carman 0 starts   5 races   5 attempts      
Shambaugh 0 starts   4 races   4 attempts      
Sievers 0 starts   4 races   4 attempts      
Porter 0 starts   3 races   8 attempts      
Troutman/Barnes 0 starts   3 races   4 attempts      
Yunick 0 starts   3 races   4 attempts      
Borth 0 starts   3 races   3 attempts      
Conze 0 starts   3 races   3 attempts      
Koehnle 0 starts   3 races   3 attempts      
McGee 0 starts   3 races   3 attempts      
Phantom 0 starts   3 races   3 attempts      
Weidel 0 starts   3 races   3 attempts      
Adams 0 starts   2 races   2 attempts        
Napier 0 starts   2 races   2 attempts        
Randol 0 starts   2 races   2 attempts      
Rathmann 0 starts   2 races   2 attempts      
Rounds 0 starts   2 races   2 attempts      
Zarka 0 starts   2 races   2 attempts      
Continental 0 starts   1 race   2 attempts      
Klein 0 starts   1 race   2 attempts      
Shelby 0 starts   1 race   2 attempts      
Bagley 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
Christie 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
Clergy 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
Connaught 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
Cornis 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
De Dietrich 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
Dragon 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
Duke 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
DW-2 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
Gilbert-Cheetah 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
Guyot 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
Hispano-Suiza 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
Hunt/Penske 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
Italia 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
Lagonda 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
Light 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
Lion 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
Lotus/Eisert 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
March/Vollstedt 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
Marquette 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
McLaren/Lightning 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
McRae 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
Menard 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
Oldfield 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
Paige-Detroit 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
Phoenix/March 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
Pirate 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
Purcell 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
Rochet-Schneider 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
Roland-Pilain 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
Stewart 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
Swingler 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
Talbot 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
Teter 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
Touraine 0 starts   1 race   1 attempt        
Jaguar All entries NC            
M & F All entries NC            
Christie Entry was NC            
Gyrotary Entry was NC            
Peters-Cunningham Entry was NC            
Plymouth Entry was NC            
Wilburn-Morgan Entry was NC            

460 manufacturers
Mercedes includes Mercedes-Benz 1927, 30-31, 37, 46-48, 94-2000